What Is Linux? A Practical Guide for Small Businesses in 2026

Updated October 2026

Our original version of this page gave a basic definition of Linux. This updated guide explains what Linux is in plain English, where your business probably already relies on it, and whether using Linux on your own computers could save money or extend the life of older machines, especially since Microsoft ended regular support for Windows 10 in October 2025.

What is Linux?

Linux is a family of free, open-source operating systems, the core software that runs a computer, like Windows or macOS. It began in 1991 when Linus Torvalds released the Linux kernel, and it has since been developed by thousands of contributors and companies worldwide.

Because Linux is open source, anyone can use, study, modify and share it. Different organizations package Linux with software and tools into distributions (often called "distros"), such as Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian and Linux Mint.

You already use Linux

Even if you’ve never installed it, your business likely depends on Linux every day:

• Websites and web hosting: most web servers run Linux, including much of the hosting behind WordPress sites. See our WordPress hosting guide.
• Cloud services: the major cloud platforms run huge numbers of Linux servers.
• Android phones: Android is built on the Linux kernel.
• Routers, smart TVs and devices: many networking and smart devices run Linux.
• Point-of-sale and kiosks: some business devices use Linux behind the scenes.

Linux on business desktops and laptops

Why businesses consider it

• No license fees for most distributions, on as many computers as you like.
• Runs well on older hardware, which can extend the life of computers.
• Strong security reputation, with regular updates and fewer consumer-targeted malware threats than Windows.
• Stability for dedicated tasks such as kiosks, reception computers, digital signage or training stations.
• Customization for specific workflows, from simple single-app setups to developer workstations.

The Windows 10 factor

Microsoft ended regular support for Windows 10 on October 14, 2025. Computers that can’t upgrade to Windows 11 no longer receive free security updates unless covered by paid extended updates. Businesses with older machines face three choices: buy new computers, pay for extended updates where available, or install a supported operating system such as Linux. For basic tasks like web browsing, email and online office apps, Linux can give older computers a secure second life.

The trade-offs

• Software compatibility: some business programs, such as certain accounting, design or industry-specific software, run only on Windows or macOS.
• Learning curve: staff used to Windows may need some time and training to adjust.
• Hardware support: most modern hardware works, but some printers, scanners or specialized devices may need extra setup.
• Support: you’ll need someone comfortable managing Linux, or an IT provider who supports it.

Popular Linux distributions for businesses

What open source means for your business

Open source software makes its code publicly available, so anyone can inspect, improve and share it. For businesses, that can mean:

• Lower costs, since many tools are free to use.
• Transparency, because security researchers worldwide can review the code.
• Flexibility, with the freedom to customize or switch providers.
• Community support, through forums, documentation and user groups.

Beyond Linux itself, many popular business tools are open source or built on open source, including WordPress, the software behind a large share of business websites. Open source licenses have rules, so check them if you modify and distribute software.

Planning a mixed environment

Many small businesses don’t choose one system for everything. A common setup uses Windows or Mac computers for staff who need specific software, Linux or ChromeOS for shared or older machines, and Linux-based cloud services and hosting behind the scenes. Keeping files in the cloud and using web-based tools makes it easy for everyone to work together, whatever system they use.

Is Linux right for your business?

Linux servers for small businesses

If your business runs its own servers, Linux is often the default choice:

• Web hosting: most hosting plans already run on Linux, whether you know it or not.
• File sharing and backups: network storage devices commonly run Linux-based systems.
• Internal tools: databases, intranet sites and custom applications.
• Cloud servers: renting a Linux virtual server is often cheaper than equivalent Windows servers because there’s no license fee.

For most small businesses, managed hosting and cloud services handle the server side, so you benefit from Linux without managing it yourself.

Comparing costs

The cheapest option depends on your software needs and support costs, not just license prices.

ChromeOS: a Linux-based alternative

Chromebooks run ChromeOS, which is built on Linux. They’re simple, secure and inexpensive for businesses that work mostly in web browsers, and some older computers can be converted to a ChromeOS-based system. For non-technical teams, this can be an easier path than a traditional Linux desktop.

Common myths about Linux

• "Linux is only for programmers." Modern desktop distributions are point-and-click and work much like other systems.
• "Linux can’t run business software." Many business tools now run in web browsers, which work the same on Linux. The main exceptions are some specialized Windows-only programs.
• "Free means unsupported." Large communities and companies support Linux, and paid support is available.
• "Linux is immune to security threats." No system is immune; updates and good practices still matter.

Getting started safely

1. List the software you use and check whether each works on Linux or in a web browser.
2. Test on one computer first, using a live USB that runs Linux without installing it.
3. Back up all data before installing.
4. Choose a long-term support release for stability and years of updates.
5. Turn on automatic security updates.
6. Train staff on the basics.
7. Get help from an IT provider for networks, servers or multiple machines.

Security basics on any operating system

Whatever you use, the same rules apply: install updates promptly, use strong unique passwords with a password manager, turn on two-step login, back up regularly, and train staff to spot phishing. See our guides to keeping devices updated and secure and encryption and data security.

Example: giving old laptops a second life

A small training business has six laptops that can’t run Windows 11. After checking that its booking system, email and documents all work in a web browser, the owner installs a beginner-friendly Linux distribution on one laptop for testing, then the rest. The laptops stay secure with automatic updates, and the business delays buying new computers for two more years.

This example is illustrative.

Frequently asked questions

Is Linux free? Most Linux distributions are free to download and use. Some companies sell paid support subscriptions for business use.

Is Linux safe? Linux has a strong security reputation, but it still needs updates, good passwords and safe habits like any system. Choosing a well-maintained distribution with long-term support helps.

Can Linux run on my old computer? Often yes. Many distributions run well on computers several years old; check minimum requirements and test with a live USB first.

Can I run Microsoft Office on Linux? Microsoft’s web versions of Office work in a browser on Linux, and free office suites are also available.

Next steps

Read our guides to business smartphones, what to do with old devices and the most useful tools for small business.

General information. Software compatibility and support policies change; test before switching critical systems.

Sources

1. The Linux Foundation
2. Microsoft, Windows 10 end of support
3. CISA, Secure our world

Last reviewed October 20, 2026. Startup costs are estimates; check local prices, licensing and tax rules before you commit money.